• Although both DNA DSBs and

  2020-12-28

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• Many studies have found that

  2020-12-28

  

  Many studies have found that there is an aberrant DNA methylation in the imprinting control region of development-related genes in the spermatozoa of oligozoospermic men (Kobayashi et al, 2007, Marques et al, 2004, Marques et al, 2008), which most likely results from expressional changes in the DNMT

• The archaea are a group of microorganisms and many

  2020-12-28

  

  The archaea are a group of microorganisms, and many belong to extremophiles, living in extreme environments, such as those with high temperatures [6], [7]. Methanocaldococcus jannaschii is a methane-producing archaea [8]. It grows at pressures of up to more than 200atm and at an optimum temperature

• However there are still some issues that remain poorly under

  2020-12-28

  

  However, there are still some issues that remain poorly understood. For instance, how TGF-β modulates DDR2 expression and whether Smads participate in the regulation. How does DDR2 regulate the expression of PTHrP via Runx2? Is there any other kinase downstream of DDR2 participating in PTHrP regulat

• The first example of a

  2020-12-28

  

  The first example of a broadly-acting antiviral drug is ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue that was proposed to act directly at the level of the viral polymerase, although an indirect effect via inhibition of the host-cell IMP dehydrogenase and depletion of the GTP pool seems more plausible [9]. Anoth

• One significant finding in this study was

  2020-12-28

  

  One significant finding in this study was the overexpression of a protein identified as LysM domain/BON superfamily protein [29], [30]. This protein was highly overexpressed in the meropenem-treated condition. InterProScan analysis revealed that the LysM domain/BON superfamily protein consisted of t

• br Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concep

  2020-12-28

  

  Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concept of a synapse between a neuron and an innervated cell, and the receptors that mediated their interaction, was developed by Bernard, Ehrlich, Sherrington, Langley and others (see [7], [8], [9]. It was long debated whether transmission of ne

• In the present study the A

  2020-12-28

  

  In the present study, the A/P ratio in the MCF-7 cell line was significantly increased by the combination of 1 nM E2 and progestogens, except P4, as well as by10 nM E2 combined with NET. The similar findings were also noted by several reports [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] in which progestogens combin

• Ample evidence has shown that

  2020-12-26

  

  Ample evidence has shown that ET-1 system plays a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular anomalies and pharmacological inhibition of ETA prevents the development of cardiac hypertrophy [[37], [38], [39]]. Yanagisawa and coworkers, who first reported the cardiomyocyte-specific endothelin A

• Introduction With an annual world production of around milli

  2020-12-26

  

  Introduction With an annual world production of around 750 million tons, wheat is grown on more agricultural area than any other food crop and is the main source of plant protein in human nutrition [1,2]. Wheat is composed of 8–15% protein, from which 85–90% is gluten [3]. The unique viscoelastic a

• Ac-Endothelin-1 (16-21), human br EBV Infection Epstein Barr

  2020-12-25

  

  EBV Infection Epstein–Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) was discovered 50 years ago, when Epstein, Achong, and Barr used electron microscopy to identify viral particles in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. It belongs to the lymphocryptovirus (LCV) genus of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily (Fig. 1A). Th

• Other GPCRs notable for changes in expression

  2020-12-25

  

  Other GPCRs notable for changes in expression on CLL cells include upregulation of the thromboxane A2 receptor TBXA2R mRNA [61] and up and downregulation of mRNA and protein from the neurotensin receptors NTSR2 and NTSR1, respectively [62]. The Eμ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL has been used to study mult

• One architecture termed closed has been visualized

  2020-12-25

  

  One architecture, termed closed, has been visualized at near-atomic resolution in cryo-EM maps of recombinant complexes that superimpose with earlier lower-resolution EM data obtained for APC/CCDC20–MCC purified from HeLa MK-571 sodium salt hydrate synthesis arrested during the mitotic checkpoint (

• The modification of proteins with the small amino

  2020-12-25

  

  The modification of proteins with the small 76-amino click here protein ubiquitin (Ub) plays a central role in many key cellular processes. Ubiquitylation of a target protein requires the concerted action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) catalyzes the f

• Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease

  2020-12-25

  

  Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease. Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological development and progression of this disease [24]. In addition to TNF-α, several other cytokines, chemokines, and other factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein have been ind

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