• A number of in vivo studies have investigated the antitumor

  2022-01-05

  

  A number of in vivo studies have investigated the antitumor activity of distinct GSK-3 inhibitors in a variety of cancer cell line-derived tumor xenograft models [14], [21], [22], [24], [33], [39], [40]. These studies utilized toolkit GSK-3 inhibitors as monotherapies. Although inhibition of tumor g

• Recently an increasing number of studies have highlighted th

  2022-01-05

  

  Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial role of nociceptive factors produced by microglia under neuropathic pain conditions (Mika et al., 2013; Popiolek-Barczyk and Mika, 2016). iNOS is an important pronociceptive factor that is strictly expressed by microglia/macropha

• Alpha synuclein AS is a protein located

  2022-01-05

  

  Alpha synuclein (AS) is a protein located in presynaptic terminals of neurons that functions in recycling and storage of neurotransmitters [17]. Under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress, AS proteins misfold and accumulate into ACSF [81], [90]. The aggregates of misfolded AS oligimorize

• Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-01-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ajuba was originally identified as an adaptor protein which communicates cell adhesive events with nuclear responses to remodel the epithelium (Langer et al., 2008; Marie et al., 2003). Recently, increasing evidence has shown that Ajuba functions as

• Type diabetes mellitus is characterised by two major feature

  2022-01-05

  

  Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by two major features: peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta monoamine oxidase inhibitor [1]. The condition occurs when the pancreatic beta cells are unable to compensate for increased insulin demand due to insulin

• After the origin of the family of genes for receptors

  2022-01-05

  

  After the origin of the family of genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon, the genes have not remained static. Not only have their sequences evolved, but also like peptides similar to glucagon (Irwin, 2001, Irwin, 2009, Irwin, 2012, Ng et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2013), the numbers of g

• The HH Gli pathway has been demonstrated to

  2022-01-05

  

  The HH-Gli pathway has been demonstrated to play an extensive role in skeletal development. India Hedgehog, derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Parathyroid Hormone-like related Protein (PTHrP), derived from peri-articular chondrocytes, form a negative feedback loop to inhibit chondrocyte hyp

• Recent studies suggest that the biological importance of end

  2022-01-05

  

  Recent studies suggest that the biological importance of endogenous ghrelin becomes accentuated during exposure to more metabolically-constrained and stressful environments. Indeed, mice lacking either ghrelin or GHSR demonstrate impaired ability to adapt metabolically and/or behaviorally to caloric

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction

  2022-01-05

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Milk and dairy products are nutritious foods that provide lactose, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and proteins, among other nutrients, which have been reported to have a fundamental role in bone development and healthy diets. An adequate consumption of dairy

• Within a live organism cells need to transfer information to

  2022-01-05

  

  Within a live organism, cells need to transfer information to each other. Exocytosis is one of the critical mechanism which releases variety of ligands into the extracellular space. When cells export material via exocytosis, they first pack into vesicles, then cause the vesicles to tether at the pla

• Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus HIV persue to be a

  2022-01-05

  

  Introduction Human immunodeficiency RGFP966 mg (HIV) persue to be a major global public health problem (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2018). Globally, 36.9 million (range, 31.1 million–43.9 million) people were living with HIV in 2017 (UNAIDS, 2018a). The burden of the epidemic varie

• The finding of histamine action on ASICs also

  2022-01-05

  

  The finding of histamine action on ASICs also raises the question about possible action of other histamine receptor ligands. In the present work we selected several compounds and performed electrophysiological testing of their action on recombinant homomeric ASIC1a and ASIC2a. Nα-methylhistamine is

• HO acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stre

  2022-01-04

  

  HO-1 acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. To elucidate the effects of HO-1 in ropivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, HO-1 activity was inhibited using a specific HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP. Our results indicate that ZnPP treatmen

• NPxY was recognized as the first

  2022-01-04

  

  NPxY was recognized as the first short signal sequence motif in the cytoplasmic domain of membrane receptors and proteins with critical roles in internalization and trafficking of receptor molecules [130]. Including LDL receptor, beta-1 integrin, megalin, beta-amyloid precursor protein, EGF receptor

• br Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is a group

  2022-01-04

  

  Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies defined by progressive degeneration of RGCs and their PFI-2 receptor in the optic nerve, which leads to irreversible loss of vision [3,8,9]. RGC degeneration is often significantly advanced before changes in visual acuity and e

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