• In summary we obtained and

  2022-05-13

  

  In summary, we obtained - and -type of linaclotide by protein chemical synthesis and acquired the X-ray crystal structure of linaclotide for the first time through racemic crystallization technique. The structure of linaclotide forms a compact spatial structure containing three- turns through three

• Glutathione transferases EC also referred to as glutathione

  2022-05-13

  

  Glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; also referred to as glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) are ubiquitous and promiscuous enzymes that catalyze various kinds of reactions involving a wide variety of substrates that are toxic and chemically reactive (Angelucci et al., 2005). The primary function o

• One of the mechanism of regulation

  2022-05-13

  

  One of the mechanism of regulation of NO content in plant cells is it scavenging by GSH leading to formation of GSNO [59]. This reaction, depending on NO level and availability of glutatione in its reduced form, influences cellular redox potential by lowering GSH content and in consequence may impac

• It appears that different agonists for

  2022-05-13

  

  It appears that different agonists for GPR55 activate different signalling pathways [25]. GPR55 activation through LPI has been shown to trigger ERK 1/2 phosphorylation 22, 23, 25, 33. Conversely, endogenous cannabinoid compounds AEA and 2-AG have been shown to have no effect on ERK 1/2 signalling 2

• As disclosed in our preceding paper medicinal

  2022-05-13

  

  As disclosed in our preceding paper, medicinal chemistry SAR optimization of an HTS hit led to the discovery of , a potent and selective GPR119 agonist. This scaffold differs significantly from the ‘classical’ GPR119 pharmacophore, exemplified by the examples and (). Notably, Chelerythrine Chlori

• br Funding M I is supported by European Research

  2022-05-13

  

  Funding M.I. is supported by European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant 725038, Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) Grant 19891, Italian Ministry of Health (MoH) Grant GR-2011-02347925, Lombardy Foundation for Biomedical Research (FRRB) Grant 2015-0010, the European Molecular B

• Mapping and separation of the anti GlyT C epitopes

  2022-05-13

  

  Mapping and separation of the anti-GlyT1C epitopes allowed us to verify the existence of calpain cleavage sites in isolated mouse synaptosomes. In order to allow calcium to enter the intrasynaptosomal compartment and activate endogenous calpain, we incubated synaptosomes in hypoosmotic high (200μM)

• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes

  2022-05-13

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of RO4987655 homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission. In particular, glia

• FFAR is highly expressed not only in cells but also

  2022-05-13

  

  FFAR1 is highly expressed not only in β cells but also in α 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (Segerstolpe et al., 2016), which gives the interesting perspective that 20-HETE may function both as an autocrine and as a paracrine regulator of islet cell function (Figure 1A), i.e., acting in symphony with t

• Introduction Glucose is the most important

  2022-05-13

  

  Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain [1]. Twelve transmembrane segments of the protein and an intracellula

• SGLT inhibitors have been accepted as a new class of

  2022-05-13

  

  SGLT-2 inhibitors have been accepted as a new class of antidiabetic agent (Kurosaki and Ogasawara, 2013). They limit renal glucose reabsorption and promote urinary excretion of glucose, thereby reducing plasma glucose levels (de Leeuw and de Boer, 2016, Jojima et al., 2016, Pérez López et al., 2010,

• MRcKO mice showed a comparable degree

  2022-05-13

  

  MRcKO mice showed a comparable degree of cardiac remodeling compared to control (MRf/f) mice. Moreover, the worse cardiac remodeling in pressure-overloaded GRcKO mice is not due to compensatory activation of cardiomyocyte MR, because GRMRdcKO mice displayed cardiac remodeling to the same extent as G

• br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest JJH has

  2022-05-13

  

  Conclusion Conflict-of-Interest JJH has collaborated with several different pharmaceutical companies during the last 30 years; is currently receiving speaker honoraria from NovoNordisk and MSD and is on advisory boards for NovoNordisk. The author is currently supported by an independent grant

• Recently unimolecular multi functional peptides that combine

  2022-05-13

  

  Recently, unimolecular, multi-functional peptides that combine GLP-1RA activity with A 205804 and/or GIP activity have been suggested as new therapeutic agents for glycaemic and weight control. In rodents, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve significantly better glucose control and weight

• br Acknowledgements We thank the following

  2022-05-13

  

  Acknowledgements We thank the following individuals for notable contributions to this work: Dr. Ruth Wood, Dr. Alan Watts, Dr. Casey Donovan, Andrea Suarez, Emily Nakamoto, Allison Apfel, April Banayan, and Jonathan Cheung. This study was supported by the National Institute of Health grants, DK10

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