• The electrokinetic remediation technique is carried out

  2023-12-07

  

  The electrokinetic remediation technique is carried out with a low-level direct current, and the pollutants in soil can be transported and removed by the electric field [19]. This works well even in soil with low permeability via electro-osmotic flow and electro-migration [20]. The electrokinetic pr

• br Emerging Vascular Mechanisms of AA Therapy

  2023-12-07

  

  Emerging Vascular Mechanisms of AA Therapy Resistance Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that physiological angiogenesis generates blood vessels capable of restoring perfusion [1], whereas tumoral angiogenesis gives rise to vessels that are structurally and functionally abnormal, therei

• Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase DPP

  2023-12-06

  

  Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft

• Based on their different sources the APN inhibitors

  2023-12-06

  

  Based on their different sources, the APN inhibitors (APNIs) can be divided into the natural products and synthetic compounds. Bestatin (1, Fig. 1), isolated from the Streptomyces oliuoreticuli by Umezawa et al., is the first reported and only marketed natural dipeptidomimetic inhibitor of APN. Afte

• br Materials and methods br

  2023-12-06

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Several major signaling and developmental pathways (e.g. EGFR, ALK, KRAS, TGFβ, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin) have been shown to be involved in lung carcinogenesis and they are being exploited as targets of the non-small cell lung cancer therapy (for revi

• The direction of glutamate transport by the cell

  2023-12-06

  

  The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy

• We now present a series of findings obtained

  2023-12-06

  

  We now present a series of findings obtained in heterologous expression systems, brain slices, and living animals that suggest that any interaction between mGlu7 and α1-adrenergic receptors exists, is specific, and is physiologically and behaviourally relevant. Materials and methods Norepinephri

• Whether similar mechanisms play a role

  2023-12-06

  

  Whether similar mechanisms play a role in adiponectin signal transduction and whether additional proteins are recruited to adiponectin receptors via APPL1 has not been analysed so far. Although it has been clearly established that APPL1 is a downstream adaptor protein in adiponectin signal transduct

• Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A R agonists in

  2023-12-06

  

  Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A3R agonists in neuropathic pain are summarized in Box 3. Cellular transduction mechanisms for A3Rs include inhibition of cyclic AMP, PKA via Gαi, interactions with PLC/IP3/DAG and signaling via Gαi and Gαq, and interactions with PI3K/MEK/ERK via βγ subuni

• If overexpression of ADK is sufficient to induce spontaneous

  2023-12-06

  

  If overexpression of ADK is sufficient to induce spontaneous seizures, then reduction of ADK in engineered mice should prevent epileptogenesis. The generation of mice with moderately reduced levels of ADK in brain rather than complete ADK deficiency seems to be essential, since several lines of evid

• br Materials and methods br Results and

  2023-12-06

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion Amino-functionalized mesoporous TiO2-NH2 microparticles were used to immobilize ADA, followed by GLU cross-linking. The mesopores provided a natural microenvironment with sufficient room for the enzyme to efficiently perform its cataly

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream

  2023-12-06

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including NKY 80 D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HETE in th

• From an historical perspective ligands for

  2023-12-06

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, Difopein synthesis or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous liga

• MiR has already been implicated in the

  2023-12-05

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion

  2023-12-05

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion The preparation of acrylic nanoparticles as aminosugar carriers could not be achieved by direct functionalization of poly(t-butyl acrylate) particles with saccharide groups. A four-step procedure starting from a protected derivative of

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