• The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochond

  2024-04-03

  

  The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis of astrocytes is increased under experimental septic condition [25]. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 can activate AMPK by increasing the concentration of AMP [26], while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autoph

• The preferential expression of ALOX B in human macrophages

  2024-04-03

  

  The preferential expression of ALOX15B in human macrophages may explain why human genetic studies investigating the association of ALOX15 with cardiovascular disease did not show consistent results. Two rare functional polymorphisms have been characterized in the ALOX15 gene, which leads to increase

• Calcium Ionophore I br Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver

  2024-04-03

  

  Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathologic spectrum of liver pathologies associated with excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. This spectrum is continuous but can be graded based on pathological features; in increasing severity, these are: bland steatosis,

• Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestra

  2024-04-02

  

  Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, KJ Pyr 9 receptor withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance of muscle mass is impor

• Introduction hydroxytryptamine HT is found

  2024-04-02

  

  Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is found throughout the body and influences smooth muscle activity in various tissues including the intestine, vasculature and urinary b catenin inhibitor (Kim and Camilleri, 2000, Klarskov and Horby-Petersen, 1986, Mohammad-Zadeh et al., 2008). The current

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2024-04-02

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_14R28), the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No.: 2013CB733602), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of C

• In the late s Solvay Pharmaceuticals discontinued the

  2024-04-02

  

  In the late ‘90s, Solvay Pharmaceuticals discontinued the Phase 2 development of a promising potent and highly selective A1AR antagonist based on the pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold, SLV320 [43] (2, Chart 1, also named derenofylline; Ki hA1AR = 1 nM), for the treatment of acute heart failure [24]. In the

• Among the enzymes involved in adenosine

  2024-04-02

  

  Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase plays an important role in regulating formation and release of endogenous adenosine in cardiomyocytes as well as vascular endothelial cells Decking et al., 1997, Kowaluk et al., 1998, Smolenski et al., 1994. Inhibition of adenosine

• Adenosine receptors activate a number of signalling pathways

  2024-04-02

  

  Adenosine receptors activate a number of signalling pathways involved in tissue survival including several mitogen-activated protein kinases (Fredholm et al., 2001). The common feature of all adenosine receptors is the positive coupling to ERK1/2, whilst A2B and A3 receptors can also activate the st

• br GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the

  2024-04-02

  

  GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge How are the conserved activities of GMF used in vivo to regulate branched 71 4 networks (e.g., at sites of endocytosis and at the leading edge) (Figure 2A,B)? In animal cells, the regulatory effects of GMF on actin networks appear to govern lamellip

• In order to investigate their

  2024-04-02

  

  In order to investigate their effects in vitro, therefore, we first used TE671 cells, which have provided a useful source of human AChR for in vitro and radioimmunoassay studies. We found no marked effect of either MuSK-MG or SNMG sera on AChR numbers or on AChR subunit expression. This appears to c

• The pathogenesis of d penicillamine

  2024-04-02

  

  The pathogenesis of d-penicillamine-induced MG is not clear. The repertoire of anti-AChR 69 9 mg in d-penicillamine-induced MG has been shown to be similar to that in idiopathic MG in terms of AChR antigenic regions, suggesting a common immune mechanism (Tzartos et al., 1988). About 20% of d-penic

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias is a

  2024-04-02

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,

• br Materials and Methods br

  2024-04-02

  

  Materials and Methods Author Contributions Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments This study was funded by the NIH Common Fund (UH2TR000943) through the Office of Strategic Coordination/Office of the NIH Director, an NCI/NIH grant (1R21CA199050), the MD Anderson Cancer Center support gran

• Aurora A and B are required for

  2024-04-02

  

  Aurora A and B are required for the control of mitosis whereas Aurora C is mainly invoved in meiosis (Goldenson and Crispino, 2015). Interestingly, Aurora B is partnered with inner centromere protein (INCENP), survivin and Borealin to form a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that is critical for t

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